Cross industry standard procedure for data mining: A friend recommended this to me as a decent methodology for considering data science / mining projects. Although it's fairly old now (pre-2000), it has some useful concepts which you can use to articulate the stages of such a project (and to make sure you're not missing any...).

Broadly it uses the following diagram to show the overall process:

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It then goes on to define each of these phases and break them down into a number of 'generic tasks', like the following:

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The methodology also goes on to explain each of these tasks, with proposed activities and outputs for each, as well as best-practices and common pitfalls.

There are several different iterations, but these diagrams were pulled from:

ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/software/analytics/spss/support/Modeler/Documentation/14/UserManual/CRISP-DM.pdf

This one also looks good:

ftp://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/analytics/spss/documentation/modeler/14.2/en/CRISP_DM.pdf